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Mot du directeur des Cahiers québécois de démographie

Vissého Adjiwanou

Effet du vieillissement démographique sur l’offre agrégée de travail au Canada

Gilbert Montcho, Marcel Mérette and Yves Carrière
Demographic ageing raises concerns about its effects on aggregate labor supply growth. However, quantification of these effects is very often limited to the growth of the elderly at the expense of other age groups. This article proposes a more rigorous quantitative analysis of aggregate labor supply and the contribution of demographic and behavioral changes to its trends in Canada between 1981 and 2016. While the results confirm that the overall effect of demographic ageing on aggregate labor supply is negative, they provide nuances regarding the distribution of this effect by age, the role of individual behavioral changes and the contribution of immigrants.

Un an après. Analyse de la variation sociodémographique de la surmortalité de 2020 liée à la Covid-19 en Belgique

Mélanie Bourguignon, Joan Damiens, Yoann Doignon, Thierry Eggerickx, Scott Fontaine, Audrey Plavsic, Alice Rees, Ester Rizzi, Jean-Paul Sanderson and Benjamin-Samuel Schlüter
Between March 2020 and February 2021, the Covid-19 pandemic generated almost 22,000 deaths in Belgium, the deadliest episode in its demographic history since World War II. In a comparative perspective of the different waves of the pandemic, the main objective of this article is to assess the excess mortality related to Covid-19 according to age, sex, household situation and social group. Analyses are based on aggregated data provided by STATBEL (Belgian statistical office). Indicators of excess mortality are calculated in order to compare the situation in the year 2020 with that observed during the reference period 2015-2019. From the data of the National Register, mortality tables per sex, region and social group were calculated. They make it possible to estimate the loss of life expectancy in 2020 compared to 2019 and the specific contribution of the different age groups to this decrease.

Haïti : la fécondité des adolescentes dans tous ses états

Adama Ouedraogo and David Jean Simon
Plagued by numerous political, economic, environmental and humanitarian crises, Haiti faces significant challenges in sexual and reproductive health, with adolescent fertility being one of the most pressing. This article examined changes between 1994 and 2016 in the proportion of adolescent mothers, the adolescent fertility rate, the average number of children born during adolescence (total fertility in adolescence) and the total lifetime fertility compared between women who were adolescent mothers and those who were not. It also explored adolescent mothers' profiles and the factors associated with early fertility in Haiti. We based our analysis on data from the five demographic and health surveys that the country conducted between 1994 and 2016. Descriptive methods (indicator calculations, cross-tabulations, multiple component analysis) and a binary logistic regression method were used. The results showed that although the fertility indicators have fallen among adolescents, their decline remains less pronounced than among other women. Furthermore, early sexual intercourse, early cohabitation, poor knowledge of the ovulatory cycle, low use of modern contraceptive methods, poverty and low level of education distinguish adolescent mothers from other women.

Violences faites aux enfants au Burkina Faso : rôle des attitudes personnelles et des normes communautaires perçues liées à la punition verbale et corporelle

Yentema Onadja
Studies examining personal attitudes, social norms, and behaviors surrounding violence against children are needed to accelerate progress toward preventing this harmful practice. This study aims to analyze the influence of children's personal attitudes and perceived community norms related to verbal and corporal punishment on violence against children in Burkina Faso. The analysis was based on a representative sample of 5,504 children aged 12 to 17 who participated in a national survey carried out in March and June 2018 by the Higher Institute of Population Sciences (ISSP) in the 13 regions of Burkina Faso. We showed that acceptance of parental verbal punishment and children’s perception that community norms were supportive of corporal punishment were found to be positively associated with violence against children during the past year. These findings highlight the need to implement programmatic and interventional approaches, including community mobilization, mass communication, diffusion of innovations and prevention strategies, in order to transform social norms related to childhood violence, either directly or indirectly by changing attitudes and behaviors.